For all these uses mean to signify
numerical unity. That what I have just said is true may be best seen
where one form of appellation is substituted for another. For often
when we give the order to call one of the people who are sitting down,
indicating him by name, we change our description, whenever the person
to whom we give the order happens not to understand us; he will, we
think, understand better from some accidental feature; so we bid him
call to us 'the man who is sitting' or 'who is conversing over
there'-clearly supposing ourselves to be indicating the same object by
its name and by its accident.
8
Of 'sameness' then, as has been said,' three senses are to be
distinguished. Now one way to confirm that the elements mentioned
above are those out of which and through which and to which
arguments proceed, is by induction: for if any one were to survey
propositions and problems one by one, it would be seen that each was
formed either from the definition of something or from its property or
from its genus or from its accident. Another way to confirm it is
through reasoning. For every predicate of a subject must of
necessity be either convertible with its subject or not: and if it
is convertible, it would be its definition or property, for if it
signifies the essence, it is the definition; if not, it is a property:
for this was what a property is, viz.
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