Practically all dialectical problems indeed are now
called 'theses'. But it should make no difference whichever
description is used; for our object in thus distinguishing them has
not been to create a terminology, but to recognize what differences
happen to be found between them.
Not every problem, nor every thesis, should be examined, but only
one which might puzzle one of those who need argument, not
punishment or perception. For people who are puzzled to know whether
one ought to honour the gods and love one's parents or not need
punishment, while those who are puzzled to know whether snow is
white or not need perception. The subjects should not border too
closely upon the sphere of demonstration, nor yet be too far removed
from it: for the former cases admit of no doubt, while the latter
involve difficulties too great for the art of the trainer.
12
Having drawn these definitions, we must distinguish how many species
there are of dialectical arguments. There is on the one hand
Induction, on the other Reasoning. Now what reasoning is has been said
before: induction is a passage from individuals to universals, e.
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